The automation of proof: a historical and sociological exploration

"DONALD MACKENZIE This article reviews the history of the use of computers to automate mathematical proofs. It identifies three broad strands of work: automatic theorem proving where the aim is to simulate human processes of deduction; automatic theorem proving where any resemblance to how humans deduce is considered to be irrelevant; and interactive theorem proving, where the proof is directly guided by a human being. The first strand has been underpinned by com~ ~itment to the goal of artificial intelligence; practitioners of the sec/ -~ ... ond strand have been drawn mainly from mathematical logic; and e third strand has been rooted primarily in the verification of computer programs and hardware 'designs.· ·